Master Wake's debugging tools: console logging, Python fuzzing, ipdb integration, and performance profiling for Solidity smart contract development.
Glossary definition
Protocol
A blockchain protocol is a defined set of rules and software interfaces that participants follow to reach consensus or provide an onchain application service.
A protocol is a foundation layer or set of rules that allows computers to share data. In cryptocurrency, blockchain protocols run on networks of peer-to-peer computers that follow the same rules and maintain matching copies of a transaction ledger. A consensus mechanism allows them to exchange value without a central intermediary.
Well-known blockchain protocols include:
- Bitcoin
- Ethereum
- Solana
- Hyperledger Fabric
- Corda
Used in context
Articles using this term.
Learn how to sign raw, structured, and hashed messages in Wake tests. Validate EIP-712, EIP-191, and permit flows with clear examples and reliable verification.
Learn how Balancer’s StableSwap math failed and how differential fuzzing in Python detects precision bugs in DeFi swap logic for safer smart contract design.
Learn how to build custom Wake printers for smart contract analysis, uncover vulnerabilities, and speed up Solidity security reviews.
Learn Manually Guided Fuzzing (MGF) with the Wake framework to find critical smart contract vulnerabilities through systematic testing and defined invariants.
This guide provides a comprehensive analysis of reentrancy vulnerabilities with examples. Learn how reentrancy works and how to identify it in real protocols.
In this article, we'll examine how attackers can manipulate the _safeMint function's external call to bypass minting limits and drain NFT collections.
This analysis examines the 42M attack on the GMX protocol. We provide details of the vulnerability with a working reproduction of the attack scenario.
In this blog, we describe reentrancy attacks in the ERC-777 standard. ERC-777 is a standard for fungible tokens with a hook for transferring – learn more here.
Flash loans enable borrowing without collateral and repaying within a single transaction. While effective, they also introduce security risks – learn more here.
A cross-chain reentrancy attack is an exploit that targets smart contract function calls. Learn about this vulnerability to keep your code safe from attackers.
A read-only reentrancy attack manipulate a smart contracts to extract value. Let's take a closer look at this vulnerability and how to prevent it.
This research article reviews how cross contract reentrancy attacks work, an attack example, and guidance on how to prevent cross contract reentrancy attacks.…
What is a cross function reentrancy attack? Cross-function reentrancy attacks use multiple functions to execute the attack, which can occur when inappropriate…
![The vulnerable Vault withdrawal code beside a recursive call-stack graph showing repeated withdraw frames reading the same balance before any frame reaches balances[msg.sender] equals zero.](/_astro/hero.BjCEFGsd_2u77Pn.png)
What is a reentrancy attack? A reentrancy attack is very specific to smart contracts due to the nature of external calls. When a contract interacts with another…