Research

The ack3 research hub.

Articles and research reports from the team.

Straight from the work.

From the engineers who build Wake and run the audits.

The Wake Python proxy wrapper beside a delegatecall graph showing the implementation ABI applied to the proxy address, execution in implementation code, and state retained in proxy storage.

Technical guide December 16, 2025

Test Proxy Contracts Safely in Wake

Test upgradable proxy contracts in Wake's Python framework. Catch initialization bugs, storage collisions, and access control issues before mainnet.

Naoki Yoshida

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A three-branch signing graph showing raw bytes receiving the EIP-191 prefix, typed data and a domain becoming an EIP-712 digest, and a precomputed hash being signed without a prefix.

Technical guide December 10, 2025

Signing Data in Wake: Raw, Structured, and Hash Flows

Learn how to sign raw, structured, and hashed messages in Wake tests. Validate EIP-712, EIP-191, and permit flows with clear examples and reliable verification.

Naoki Yoshida

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A differential-testing graph sends the same swap inputs through a high-precision Python Decimal model and the Solidity pool, then compares both outputs for deviation.

Incident analysis November 27, 2025

Balancer Incident Analysis and Differential Fuzzing

Learn how Balancer’s StableSwap math failed and how differential fuzzing in Python detects precision bugs in DeFi swap logic for safer smart contract design.

Naoki Yoshida

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A Wake printer visitor beside an IR filtering graph that narrows contract functions to final public and external implementations forming the callable attack surface.

Technical guide November 6, 2025

Mastering Wake Printers for Solidity Security Analysis

Learn how to build custom Wake printers for smart contract analysis, uncover vulnerabilities, and speed up Solidity security reviews.

Naoki Yoshida

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A Wake four-phase flow-function skeleton beside three human verification gates for assertion meaning, values derived from pre-transaction Python state, and execution branches confirmed by coverage.

Technical guide October 30, 2025

Vibe Fuzzing Guide for Wake’s Manually-Guided Fuzzing

Boost smart contract security with AI-guided fuzz testing in Wake. Learn what to automate, what to verify, and how to write effective tests in Python.

Naoki Yoshida

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A comparison table showing Foundry removing transactions top-down, Echidna removing transactions and simplifying parameters, and Wake removing flow kinds then individual flows with snapshots and shortcuts.

Security research October 7, 2025

Shrinking Algorithm Differences Between Foundry, Echidna, and Wake

Comparing how Foundry, Echidna, and Wake shrink fuzzing failures. Learn which tool offers the best balance of speed, precision, and debugging clarity.

Naoki Yoshida

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A Wake Python owner invariant beside an execution graph showing setup, a randomized flow, Python state updates, and the invariant comparing the model with contract state after every flow.

Technical guide September 9, 2025

A Beginner’s Guide to Manually Guided Fuzzing

Learn Manually Guided Fuzzing (MGF) with the Wake framework to find critical smart contract vulnerabilities through systematic testing and defined invariants.

Naoki Yoshida

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